Author Guidelines

GENERAL STANDARDS

Language Editing

The Peace and Humanity Outlook requires manuscripts submitted to meet international standards for the English language to be considered for publication. Articles are typically published only in English.

For authors who would like their manuscripts to receive language editing or proofing to improve clarity and help highlight their research, the Peace and Humanity Outlook recommends the language-editing services provided by internal or external partners (contact the Principal of the Peace and Humanity Outlook for further information).

Note that sending your manuscript for language editing does not imply or guarantee that it will be accepted for publication by the Peace and Humanity Outlook. Editorial decisions on the scientific content of a manuscript are independent of whether it has received language editing or proofing by the partner services or other services.

Language Style

The default language style at Peace and Humanity Outlook is American English. If you prefer your article to be formatted in British English, please specify this on the first page of your manuscript.

Article length/word count

Articles should be between 4000 and 6000 words in length. This includes all text, including the abstract, references, and all text in tables, figures, and appendices.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

There are a few simple ways to maximize your article's discoverability. Follow the steps below to improve the search results of your article:

Include a few of your article's keywords in the title of the article;
Do not use long article titles;
Pick 3 to 5 keywords using a mix of generic and more specific terms on the article subject(s);
Use the maximum amount of keywords in the first two sentences of the abstract;
Use some of the keywords in level 1 headings.

Title

The title is written in title case, aligned to the left, and in Times New Roman font at the top.

The title should be concise, omitting implicit terms and, where possible, stating the main result or conclusion presented in the manuscript. Abbreviations should be avoided within the title.

Witty or creative titles are welcome, but only if relevant and within the measure. Consider if a title meant to be thought-provoking might be misinterpreted as offensive or alarming. In extreme cases, the editorial office may veto a title and propose an alternative.

Authors and Affiliations

All names are listed together and separated by commas. Provide exact and correct author names, which will be indexed in official archives. Affiliations should be keyed to the author's name with superscript numbers and be listed as follows: Institut/University/Organisation, Country (without detailed address information such as city zip codes or street names).

Example: Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Indonesia.

The Corresponding Author(s) should be marked with a superscript. In a separate section below the affiliation, provide the exact contact email address of the corresponding author(s).

Headings and Sub-headings

Capitalize on headings and capitalize each word of subheadings. Headings need to be defined in Calibri, 14, bold, and subheadings defined in Calibri, 12, bold.

Abstract

The abstract should, as a primary goal, render the general significance and conceptual advance of the work accessible to a broad readership. In the abstract, minimize using abbreviations and do not cite references. The word length is not more than 250 words, written in English.

Tips:

Background of study
Aims and scope of the paper
Methods
Summary of result or findings
Conclusions

Keywords

All article types: you may provide up to 5 keywords; at least three are mandatory.

Text

The body text is in 12 points regular Times New Roman. New paragraphs will be separated into a single empty line. The document should be single-spaced and contain page and line numbers to facilitate the review process. The Peace and Humanity Outlook recommended a manuscript written using MS Word Document.

Nomenclature

The use of abbreviations should be kept to a minimum. Non-standard abbreviations should be avoided unless they appear at least four times and are defined upon first use in the main text. Consider also giving a list of non-standard abbreviations at the end, immediately before the Acknowledgments.

Sections

Headings and subheadings organize your manuscript.

For Original Research Articles, it is recommended to organize your manuscript in the following sections:

Introduction

The introduction is a little different from the concise abstract. The reader needs to know your research background and, most importantly, why your research is essential in this context. What critical question does your research address? Why should the reader be interested?

The purpose of the Introduction is to stimulate the reader's interest and to provide pertinent background information necessary to understand the rest of the paper. You must summarize the problem to be addressed, give background on the subject, discuss previous research on the topic, and explain precisely what the paper will address, why, and how. A good thing to avoid is making your introduction into a mini-view. There is a considerable amount of literature out there, but as a scientist, you should be able to pick out the most relevant things to your work and explain why. This shows an editor/reviewer/reader that you understand your area of research and that you can get straight to the most critical issues.

Keep your Introduction very concise, well-structured, and inclusive of all the information needed to follow the development of your findings. Do not over-burden the reader by making the introduction too long. Get to the key parts of other papers sooner rather than later.

Tips:

Begin the Introduction by providing a concise background account of the problem studied.
State the objective of the investigation. Your research objective is the most crucial part of the introduction.
Establish the significance of your work: Why did the study need to be conducted?
Introduce the reader to the pertinent literature. Do not give an entire history of the topic. Only quote previous work having a direct bearing on the present problem. (State-of-the-art, relevant research to justify the novelty of the manuscript.)
State the gap analysis or novelty statement.
Clearly state your hypothesis and the variables investigated, and concisely summarize the methods used.
Define any abbreviations or specialized/regional terms.

An example of a novelty statement or gap analysis statement at the end of the Introduction section (after the state of the art of the previous research survey) is: "........ (short summary of background)....... A few researchers focused on ....... There have been limited studies concerned with........ Therefore, this research intends to ................. The objectives of this research are ........."

Be concise and aware of who will be reading your manuscript. Make sure the Introduction is directed to that audience. Move from general to specific, from the problem in the real world to the literature to your research. Lastly, please avoid making a subsection in the Introduction.

Method

In the Method section, you explain clearly how you conducted your research to (1) enable readers to evaluate the work performed and (2) permit others to replicate your research. It would be best to describe precisely what you did: what and how experiments were run, what, how much, how often, where, when, and why equipment and materials were used. The primary consideration is ensuring enough detail is provided to verify your findings and enable the replication of the research. It would be best to balance brevity (you cannot describe every technical issue) and completeness (you need to give adequate detail so that readers know what happened).

Tips:

Define the population and the methods of sampling;
Describe the instrumentation;
Describe the procedures and, if relevant, the time frame;
Describe the analysis plan;
Describe any approaches to ensure validity and reliability;
Describe statistical tests and the comparisons made; ordinary statistical methods should be used without comment; advanced or unusual methods may require a literature citation;
Describe the scope and/or limitations of the methodology you used.

In the social and behavioral sciences, it is essential to always provide sufficient information to allow other researchers to adopt or replicate your methodology. This information is essential when a new method has been developed, or an innovative use of an existing method is utilized. Last, please avoid making a subsection in Method.

Result and Discussion

The purpose of the Results and Discussion is to state your findings and make interpretations and/or opinions, explain the implications of your findings, and suggest future research. Its main function is to answer the questions posed in the introduction, explain how the results support the answers, and explain how the answers fit in with existing knowledge on the topic. The Discussion is considered the heart of the paper and usually requires several writing attempts.

The discussion will always connect to the introduction by way of the research questions or hypotheses you posed and the literature you reviewed, but it does not simply repeat or rearrange the introduction; the discussion should always explain how your study has moved the reader's understanding of the research problem forward from where you left them at the end of the introduction.

To clarify your message, the discussion should be kept as short as possible while clearly and fully stating, supporting, explaining, and defending your answers and discussing other important and relevant issues. Care must be taken to provide commentary and not reiterate the results. Side issues should not be included, as these tend to obscure the message.

Tips:

State the Major Findings of the Study;
Explain the Meaning of the Findings and Why the Findings Are Important;
Support the answers with the results. Explain how your results relate to expectations and the literature, clearly stating why they are acceptable and how they are consistent or fit in with previously published knowledge on the topic;
Relate the Findings to Those of Similar Studies;
Consider Alternative Explanations of the Findings;
Implications of the study;
Acknowledge the Study's Limitations and;
Make Suggestions for Further Research.

It is easy to inflate the interpretation of the results. Be careful that your interpretation of the results does not go beyond what is supported by the data. The data are the data: nothing more, nothing less. Please avoid a makeover interpretation of the results, unwarranted speculation, inflating the importance of the findings, tangential issues, or over-emphasizing your research's impact.

Work with Graphic:

Figures and tables are the most effective way to present results. Captions should be able to stand alone, so the figures and tables are understandable without the need to read the entire manuscript. Moreover, the data represented should be easy to interpret.

Tips:

The graphic should be simple but informative;
The use of color is encouraged;
The graphic should uphold the standards of a scholarly, professional publication;
The graphic must be entirely original, unpublished artwork created by one of the co-authors;
The graphic should not include a photograph, drawing, or caricature of any person, living or deceased;
Do not include postage stamps or currency from any country, or trademarked items (company logos, images, and products), and;
Avoid choosing a graphic that already appears within the text of the manuscript.

Please download the Peace and Humanity Outlook template to see samples of the table and figure.

Last, please avoid making a subsection in Results and Discussion.

Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to help readers understand why your research should matter to them after reading the paper. A conclusion is not merely a summary of the main topics covered or a re-statement of your research problem but a synthesis of key points. It mustn't leave the questions unanswered.

Tips:

State your conclusions clearly and concisely. Be brief and stick to the point;
Explain why your study is essential to the reader. It would be best if you instilled in the reader a sense of relevance;
Prove to the reader and the scientific community that your findings are worthy of note. This means setting your paper in the context of previous work. The implications of your findings should be discussed within a realistic framework, and;

For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion, although a two or three-paragraph conclusion may be required in some cases. Other important things about this section are (1) do not rewrite the abstract; (2) statements with "investigated" or "studied" are not conclusions; (3) do not introduce new arguments, evidence, new ideas, or information unrelated to the topic; (4)do not include evidence (quotations, statistics, etc.) that should be in the body of the paper.

Acknowledgments

This is a short text acknowledging the contributions of specific colleagues, institutions, or agencies that aided the authors' efforts.

Author Contributions Statement

The Author Contributions Statement can be several sentences long and should briefly describe the tasks of individual authors. Please list only 2 initials for each author, without full stops but separated by commas (e.g., JC, JS). In the case of two authors with the same initials, please use their middle initial to differentiate between them (e.g., REW, RSW). The Author Contributions Statement should be included at the end of the manuscript before the References.

References

All citations in the text must be in the reference list and vice-versa. The references should only include articles that are published or accepted. When available, data deposited to an online repository should be included in the reference list, including the version and unique identifier. Use "in press" instead of page numbers for accepted but unpublished works. Unpublished data, submitted manuscripts, or personal communications should be cited within the text only for the article types that allow such inclusions. Personal communications should be documented by a letter of permission.

In-text citations should be called according to the first author's surname, followed by the year. For works by two authors, include both surnames, followed by the year. For works by more than two authors, include only the surname of the first author, followed by et al., followed by the year. For assistance, please use management references (Mendeley or Zotero) and utilize the format of the American Psychological Association 7th Edition. If possible, please provide the retrieved link for each reference.

Article in a print journal:

Syiam, R., Abidin, Z., & Umam, K. (2022). Defining Management Strategy for the Excellence Class Program during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease Pandemic. JIEMAN: Journal of Islamic Educational Management, 4(2), 259-274.

Article in an online journal:

Article or chapter in a book:

O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: A metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York, NY: Springer.

Book:

Abidin, Zainal. (2022). Paulo Freire: Pedagogi Kritis dan Penguatan Civil Society di Indonesia. Yogyakarta, Diva Press.

Theses and Dissertations:

Abidin, Z. (2007). Relevansi Gagasan Pendidikan Paulo Freire dengan Penguatan Civil Society di Indonesia (unpublished master’s thesis). IAIN Walisongo, Semarang.

Supplementary Material

The Peace and Humanity Outlook does not support pushing significant results and information into supplementary sections. However, data that are not of primary importance to the text or which cannot be included in the article because it is too large or the current format does not permit it (such as movies, raw data traces, PowerPoint presentations, etc.) can be uploaded during the submission procedure and will be displayed along with the published article. Supplementary Material can be uploaded as Data Sheet (word, excel, CSV, cdx, fasta, pdf or zip files), Presentation (PowerPoint, pdf or zip files), Supplementary Image (cdx, eps, jpeg, pdf, png or tif), Supplementary Table (word, excel, csv or pdf), Audio (mp3, wav or wma) or Video (avi, divx, flv, mov, mp4, mpeg, mpg or wmv).

Supplementary material is not typeset, so please ensure that all information is presented, the appropriate caption is included in the file rather than in the manuscript, and the style conforms to the rest of the article.

Figures and Table Guidelines

General Style Guidelines for Figures

Figures help readers visualize the information you are trying to convey. Often, it is difficult to be sufficiently descriptive using words. Images can help in achieving the accuracy needed for a scientific manuscript. For example, it may not be enough to say, "The surface had nanometer-scale features." In this case, it would be ideal to provide a microscope image.

For images, be sure to:

Include scale bars
Consider labeling important items
Indicate the meaning of different colors and symbols used

General Style Guidelines for Tables

Tables are a concise and effective way to present large amounts of data. You should design them carefully so that you communicate your results to busy researchers.

The following is an example of a well-designed table:

Clear and concise legend/caption
Data divided into categories for clarity
Sufficient spacing between columns and rows
Units are a provided font type and size are legible

Figure and Table Requirements

Legends

Figure and table legends must have the same font as the main text (12 points regular Times New Roman, single-spaced). Legends should be preceded by the appropriate label, for example, "Figure 1" or "Table 4". Figure legends should be placed at the end of the manuscript (for supplementary images, you must include the caption with the figure, uploaded as a separate file). Table legends must be placed immediately before the table. Please use only a single paragraph for the legend. Figure panels are referred to by bold capital letters in brackets: (A), (B), (C), (D), etc.

Image Size

Figure images should be prepared with the PDF layout in mind; individual figures should not be longer than one page and have a width that corresponds to one or two columns.

Format

The following formats are accepted:

TIFF (.tif) TIFF files should be saved using LZW compression or any other non-lossy compression method. JPEG (.jpg)

EPS (.eps) EPS files can be uploaded upon acceptance

Color Image Mode

Images must be submitted in the color mode RGB.

Resolution Requirements

All images must be uploaded separately in the submission procedure and have a resolution of 300 dpi at the final size. Check the resolution of your figure by enlarging it to 150%. If the resolution is too low, the image will appear blurry, jagged, or have a stair-stepped effect.

Please note saving a figure directly as an image file (JPEG, TIF) can significantly affect the resolution of your image. To avoid this, one option is to export the file as PDF and then convert it into TIFF or EPS using graphics software. EPS files can be uploaded upon acceptance.

The funding section of the manuscript must provide details of all funding sources, including grant numbers, if applicable.

Author Guidelines

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